Sociological research a process that consists of successivemethodological, methodological and organizational and technical actions, which are connected by a single goal - to obtain accurate data on the phenomenon being studied, which can be applied in the future for practical purposes.
Sociological research consists of three stages. This is the development of the program and the choice of research methods; conducting empirical research; data processing, analysis, drawing conclusions, writing a report.
Applied sociological research is usually empirical. It focuses on the practical solution of the problems of society, often limited to finding a way to solve a particular problem in specific conditions and on a specific social object. In the course of such research, previously obtained theoretical knowledge is used in a finished form when analyzing collected data, interpreting concepts, drawing up a program, scientific research report, etc. The main role is played by quite specifically formed business recommendations, not theory.
Concrete sociological research is understood as systematic use of scientificmethods for studying a specific fragment of reality relating to the life of society. Such research is carried out at all levels of sociological science.
At the basic level of sociology such studies are called specific. They have a clear practical focus. At the same time, they may well be subject to the goals of scientific study of the society.
There are three types of concrete research in sociology: intelligence, descriptive and analytical.
The first kind, reconnaissance - this is the study of the most elementary level,which allows you to solve a fairly narrow range of tasks. In the course of this type of research, tools (documents) are tested: questionnaires, questionnaires, cards, etc. As a rule, groups of persons are examined, with a maximum of one hundred people. This sociological study usually precedes a more serious study of the problem. In his course, the hypotheses, goals, questions and tasks are clarified.
Descriptive Is a study of a more complex level of analysis. In this way, empirical information is studied, which is capable of giving a more holistic view of the phenomenon of social life under study. The object of analysis is a large group of individuals of society (for example, a large workforce).
In this study, many methods of collecting information are used, which significantly increases their reliability and completeness, allowing you to draw deeper conclusions.
Analytical - sociological research of the highest andserious level. It does not just describe the phenomena studied, but also explains the reasons that lie at their basis. In the course of such a study, a set of factors that justify a certain social phenomenon are studied. In most cases, investigations of this nature are completed by reconnaissance and descriptive stages.
Isolate in a separate group also this type of research as a re-comparative. It is carried out in order to determine the dynamics inherent in the course of social processes.
A special kind of research is monitoring. It must be comprehensive, systematic and periodic. This is how information is collected and systematized.
Results obtained after the study,are reflected in the special report. The structure of this report corresponds to the logic of the main stages of the study. The number of sections of the report is usually equal to the number of hypotheses that were specified in the research program. First of all, the report is given on the main hypothesis.
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