The Arctic Ocean is a severe and cold ocean, completely lying in the Northern Hemisphere. It occupies only 4% of the world's oceans, but it is washed by the shores of several states, such as:
Let's study the seas of the Arctic Ocean, washing Russia. The list of them is quite extensive, and each one can be found interesting information.
The waters of the coldest ocean, located innorthern latitudes of our planet, do not have a clear legal status. All adjacent countries, except for Iceland, claim to separate water sectors. This greatly complicates the development of the ocean floor, as there are no agreements on the rights to the territory.
Seas fall under sectoral distinctions. This means that the map is conditionally divided into triangles, the tops of which are the North Pole, and the eastern and western borders of the states.
But the UN Convention establishes other rules of delineation, according to which borders are determined not only by extreme coastal points, but also by the length of the shelf.
The total area of the seas of the harshest ocean -more than 10 million square meters. km. This is approximately 70% of the entire territory. Here, however, scientists attributed ocean straits and bays. The seas of the Arctic Ocean, the list of which we will list below, are subdivided into marginal and internal.
A common feature is the shallow water of the seas. The fact is that the ocean, located in the northern part of the board, is the smallest of all existing. It has a harsh climate, and year round gusty winds with fogs and dense precipitation. Floating ice creates difficulties for navigation even at a time when the seas are considered passable. The farther from the coast, the thicker the ice fields, and navigation requires the escort of powerful icebreakers.
Despite all the difficulties, most of the year forof these harsh waters is considered navigable. Caravans of ships are moving endlessly along the Northern Sea Route, as here is the shortest road from the western to the eastern border of the Russian Federation.
List of ponds belonging to the ocean basin,located at the North Pole, consists of ten seas, six of which wash the shores of the Russian Federation. The largest area is Barentsevo, which is located in the western part of the Eurasian continent. But the deepest is the Greenland Sea, whose depth reaches about 5500 m.
The warmest of all northern reservoirs isThe Norwegian Sea, as its warm current prevents the freezing of water even in winter. The temperature is at least 2 degrees in winter and about 8-12 in summer.
How do we know the seas of the Arctic Ocean? The list of northern, severe reservoirs of the planet will be as follows:
The Arctic Ocean, the seas of which are washedRussian coast, once called Hyperborean. There were many more names, and only in 1935 the government of the then Soviet Union recognized the current name. But it should be noted that many foreign maps have the name "Arctic Ocean", which is recognized by the London Geographical Society.
Consider the seas of the Arctic Ocean. The list of Russia consists of six names of sea water bodies, each of which we will study separately.
Only one of them (White) is referred to as inland water bodies, and the other five are to the continental waters.
Location - the westernmost partArctic seas. This is a marginal sea on the North European shelf. Among the Russian seas, the Barents Sea is the largest. A significant difference from other reservoirs of this region is year-round navigation. Most of the Barents Sea does not freeze.
Its depth is from 200 to 600 m. Numerous bays allow us to equip comfortable, protected from strong winds ports.
The commercial importance of the Barents Sea is very tangible for Russia. Here it is found, sea bass, cod fish, haddock, halibut flounder and herring.
Location - north-eastern outskirtsAsia and the north-west of North America. The area is relatively small - about 600 thousand square meters. km. Depth - from 71 to 257 m. The climate can be attributed to severe, since the warmest temperature in the summer is about +7 ° C.
Fishery and slaughter of the sea beast are poorly developed. Transportation is carried out, mainly transit, through Pevek.
Location - north of Europe. The area is only 90 thousand square meters. km. Depth - from 100 to 330 m. The climate is gradually changing from oceanic to continental. The weather is cool and unstable.
The salinity of the sea is about 24-30 ppm. This is due to the fact that several fresh rivers flow into its waters.
The White Sea has a seasonal ice cover. Ice is 90% floating. The animal world of the sea is very diverse. Beluga, seal, walrus, seals and many birds live here. In industrial quantities, laminaria (sea kale), white sea herring and cod are mined.
The area of this sea is about 650 thousand square meters. km. For the seas of this region, the depth is quite large - an average of 520 m.
It is considered the most severe, since the winters are very frosty, and the waters are frozen all year round. Winter lasts almost 10 months. Frost in this period can be -55 ° C. In summer the temperature is slightly above zero.
Location - beyond the Arctic Circle. The area is about 915 thousand square meters. km. The depth difference from 54 to 915 m.
The climate is arctic. Winters are clear, with frosts down to -30 ° C. In summer, it often falls wet snow. In winter, the sea cramps the ice.
Flora is represented by whitefish species of fish. In addition, the inhabitants - polar bears, seals and walruses.
The sea is navigable.
Area - more than 880 thousand square meters. km. This makes it possible to classify the sea as the largest in Russia. Depth - from 110 to 600 m.
The climate is polar sea. In winter, frost can reach -50 ° C, but in summer the air warms up to +20 ° C.
In the Kara Sea, many islands were formed, and its coast is riddled with bays. The salinity of water is affected by the confluence of large freshwater rivers.
The fauna is represented by several species of fish - flounder, navaga, char. Mammals are hare, seal, beluga, walrus. The islands are abundantly populated by birds.
The seas of the Arctic Ocean (whose listwe cited in this article) have recently suffered from human activities. This is because the North produces a large number of minerals. In this regard, Russia faces the issue of preventing pollution of the seas washing its shores.
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