Independent and official parts of speech: what is the difference.

There are such concepts, not having mastered which it is simply impossible to move further in the study of a particular language, both native and foreign.

Independent and service parts of speech are likeonce one of such basic topics. Therefore, I would like very much to dwell on this issue, telling about the types, functions and roles in the sentence of all parts of speech.

1. Types of parts of speech and their characteristics.

Independent and official parts of speech are special lexical and grammatical categories. All words on the theoretical level can be attributed to a certain category taking into account the following symptoms:

• Semantic (the general meaning of the word);
• Morphological (grammatical categories or categories);
• Syntactic (features of functioning).

Independent parts of speech have similar characteristics:

• Give the name of the subjects (for example, a house, a river, a girl), describe (for example, beautiful, noisy), characterize (for example, fun, long)
• Are basic in the construction of word combinations (for example, a sweet girl) and suggestions (for example, I draw a house)
• Act as full membersoffers. For example, I read an interesting book slowly. ("I" - subject, "read" - predicate, "interesting" - definition, "book" - addition, "slow" - circumstance)

Service parts of speech have the following features:

• Connect the words in the sentence or the sentences themselves;
• You can not ask questions to them;
• Used only together with independent parts of speech;
• Members of the proposal are not

2. Independent parts of speech

Independent parts of speech are nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, pronouns, gerunds, participles.

Now let us dwell in more detail on each of the above.

Noun

Characteristics:

• Denotes: objects and animate beings;
• Questions: who? what?
• Categories: gender, case, number;
• Role in the sentence: subject, addition

Adjective

Characteristics:

• Indicates: a feature or description of the item
• Questions: what?
• Categories: death, number, gender;
• Role in the sentence: definition, composition. names. predicate

Numeral

Characteristics:

• Indicates: number of items;
• Questions: how much?
• Ranks: ordinal, quantitative, fractional, collective
• Role in the sentence: a quantitative determinant to the noun

Pronoun

Characteristics:

• Denotes: signs and objects without naming them;
• Ranks: personal, indefinite, recurrent, definite, possessive, indicative, interrogative, relative, negative.
• Role in the sentence: the various members of the sentence

Verb

Characteristics:

• Indicates: action
• Questions: what to do?
• Categories: type, time, inclination, voice, person,;
• Role in the sentence: predicate

Linguists disagree aboutparticiples and gerunds. Some people prefer to regard them as merely verb forms. But I allow myself to agree with the majority and tell both about the sacrament, and about the gerund, as the independent parts of speech.

Participle.

Characteristics:

• Denotes: an action, representing it through a sign
• Questions: what's doing? which one?
• Categories: signs of a verb and an adjective;
• Role in the sentence: definition, in brief form - the nominal part of the predicate.

Deerpriests

Characteristics:

• Denotes: a sign denoted by a sign of another action
• Questions: what are you doing? as?
• Categories: signs of the verb adverb.
• Role in the sentence: circumstance

Adverb

Characteristics:

• Indicates: the sign of the characteristic and the sign of the action;
• Questions: how? when? what for? why? where?
• Role in the sentence: circumstance

3. Service parts of speech

The service parts of speech are alliances, interjections, particles, prepositions.

Prepositions help express various relations in a sentence, together with the indirect cases of nouns, adjectives or pronouns.

For example, above, below, nearby, through, nearby

The unions express grammatical relations between the individual members of the proposal.

For example, and, because, but

Particles give speech additional emotional and semantic nuances.

For example, would, after all, even

Interjections express feelings, desires of a person without naming them directly.

For example, Hooray! Wow! Hey!

So, it seems to me that I fully revealed the topic: "Independent and official parts of the speech of the Russian language".

And in the end I would like to add the following. There is a fairly common point of view in terms of the fact that the significant parts of speech perform a more important role than official ones. It's a delusion! Both the first and the second take place, and only together they can make our speech melodic, meaningful and expressive.

I would like everyone who wants to studygrammar of Russian (and any other) language in perfection, without the slightest shadow of doubt, was able to separate from each other independent and official parts of speech.

I hope that with my article I achieved this result.