Monitoring is the monitoring system foranything. In Latin it means "warning" or "observing". Monitoring of lands - monitoring of their condition. It acts as an integral part of monitoring all natural resources and plays a leading role among them.
According to Article 67 of the Land Code of the Russian Federationstate monitoring of land is defined as a system for monitoring all the lands of the Russian Federation, regardless of their purpose and form of ownership. Its tasks are:
- identification and assessment of changes in naturalcondition of lands, forecasting of possible negative processes and development of recommendations for prevention and timely elimination of consequences of such processes.
- Providing information to the state land control on the use of land and their protection.
- informing the population about the condition of lands as an object of the natural environment.
State registration of lands (except land,having the agricultural purpose) is carried out by Rosreestr in accordance with the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 457 of 1.06.09. Monitoring can be carried out according to the federal program, and also be regional or local, depending on the respective program.
Monitoring of lands implies the collection, processing andstorage of information on their condition, constant monitoring of their intended use, analysis of their qualitative status, taking into account the effect of natural factors.
The methods for collecting information are survey andobservation from space, as well as from aircraft and other aerial vehicles, ground surveys, surveys at landfills and stationary reference sites. The information received contains data in graphic or text form.
Data that controls land monitoring,are divided into basic (state of land at the beginning of the monitoring process), periodic (data for a specific period) and operational (data to date). The necessary data include:
- location and area of land;
- their purpose (plowland, forests, pastures and hayfields, marshes, lands under water or used for construction or under roads, etc.)
- the degree of development of negative phenomena(desertification, erosion, flooding, cluttering, pollution with oil products, heavy metals, chemicals or radioactive). Degrees of negative processes can be divided into weak, moderate and strong, pollution - ranging from moderately dangerous to extremely dangerous.
By analyzing the data obtained and comparing it with the normative data, an assessment is made of the state of all lands and lands.
Land monitoring, conducted by Rosreestr (itsterritorial bodies) allows making forecasts and recommendations on the optimal use of land resources on the basis of the attached thematic diagrams, tables and maps. The materials received during the monitoring are stored in the state data fund. This information is required in the preparation of the annual national report of the Russian Government to the Government of the Russian Federation on the state of land in the country and their use. The monitoring data are used by the state authorities, as well as municipal authorities when dealing with issues of urban development, food security, environmental safety, etc.
In addition, consumers of informationmonitoring studies are legal entities that carry out work on land management, in transactions with land plots, when developing projects for the protection of natural resources. As well as individuals - citizens who want to obtain reliable official information about land plots with a forecast for their further use (for example, for concluding transactions for the sale or purchase of a plot).
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