Labor is the main productivestrength of society, which includes a workable proportion of the population, able to participate in socially useful activities, as well as in the production of spiritual, material benefits and various services. The population can be economically active and inactive. The first to name all employed and unemployed people. The economically inactive category of the population includes a part of the society that does not work for any reason (household, care for sick people or children, etc.), old-age pensioners on preferential terms, as well as non-working disabled people who receive pension.
According to Western statistics, in the same categoryinclude full-time students. But the Russian statistics of such pupils refer to the employed population. In other words, manpower is a part of society that has physical data and intellectual abilities that are suitable for conducting work.
Consider this notion on a global scale. The world's labor resources are the economically active share of the population distributed across countries. In connection with the economic backwardness of developing countries, the share of the able-bodied population in them is only 45-55%. Developed countries contain about 70% of the total economically active population that makes up the world's labor resources. This situation, above all, is associated with unemployment, sometimes reaching 10% of the total working-age population.
The structure of the labor resources of one enterprise subdivides all personnel working on it into the following subcategories:
• Industrial and production personnel (PPP),which is engaged in production, as well as its maintenance. This includes all employed in production activities and in the maintenance of workers in workshops, laboratories, plant management, computer centers, etc.
• The staff of non-industrial organizations - are employees of the utilities owned by the enterprise, medical, children's institutions, etc.
Workers of the RFP are divided into workers and employees. The first group includes employees of the enterprise engaged directly in the creation of the product or the provision of production services. Among the employees, there are categories of managers (empowered), specialists and actually employees (who carry out the management and organization of the production process).
Labor resources used at the enterprise -this is the so-called cadres. The staff of the enterprise refers to the number of employees employed in the given enterprise and making up its payroll composition, i.e. taken for work related to the activities of the enterprise. It is necessary to distinguish the concepts of "personnel", "personnel" and "labor resources". "Personnel" enterprises characterize the whole composition of working employees both temporary and permanent, highly skilled and unskilled. By "staff" is understood the staff, i.e. constant, qualified staff of the enterprise. "Workforce of the enterprise" refers to all of its potential employees.
Personnel of the enterprise are also subdivided intospecialties, professions and qualification level. A profession is a kind of labor activity that requires certain practical skills and theoretical knowledge. A specialty is a type of activity limited within the profession, and having certain specific characteristics. A specialty requires from the employee any additional knowledge and skills. Within each profession and profession, specialists differ in terms of the qualification level that characterizes the degree of complexity of the type of work performed by an employee of this level.
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