Most brick furnaces used forat home, has a fundamentally the same design and manufacturing technology. Therefore, whatever type of oven for a brick house you choose, you must adhere to certain rules and requirements for its manufacture. This applies to the place of installation, and to the material used in the installation, but, most importantly, to the technology of laying the brick.
First of all, it is necessary to determine the placeunder the stove. It must be installed in such a position that not only to heat the maximum possible area, it is necessary to comply with the safety rules.
Between the rafters and the chimney, a clearance of not less than 15 cm must be observed. In addition, the highly heated parts of the stove should also be removed from walls, ceiling and other fire-hazardous elements.
There are several basic schemes for smallpremises, as it is possible to place different types of furnaces. Typically, a brick oven for a house, whose designs provide for the location in such a way as to heat as many rooms as possible, is placed at the junction of two or three rooms, one of which is a kitchen. The only exception is the oven-fireplace, which is usually installed in the largest room, on the opposite wall to the entrance.
Because of the fact that the brick oven for the houseis installed on the foundation, specially filled for it, it is necessary to choose a place in such a way that you do not have to cut the ceiling and underground lags. A separate base, not associated with the foundation of the house, is required in almost all cases, even if the oven was designed with the house.
An exception can only be made for someThe types of furnaces having a small structural weight. So, for example, a low and wide cooking oven made of bricks for a home, whose designs involve the use of a minimum amount of material, is only installed on thermal insulation.
If the floor is on the lag, it's good to installFurnaces reinforce the floor covering with additional bridges. In the event that a monolithic foundation is laid under the house, it is not necessary to perform an additional base, it is sufficient to lay a litter and you can lay out a brick.
The pipe should be at least 1.5 m from the roof ridge and be 0.5 m higher.
When the place is determined, you can lay out the perimeter of the bricks on the floor for a better idea of how it will look in the future.
As a rule, a brick oven for a house, its ownhands folded, used in wooden houses installed on tape or basements. In this case, it is required to perform a high-grade reinforced-concrete or, if it is planned to stove on the trenches, a tape-backed substrate.
After the place on which will standfurnace for a house made of bricks, it is determined, it is necessary to fulfill the foundation. The reliability and uniformity of the masonry, as well as the appearance of the future furnace, depend on how well it is poured. Therefore, it is worthwhile to approach the pouring of the foundation with due attention.
The base is poured 5 cm wider on all sides,than the future furnace, according to the general technology of making foundations. If modern materials are used, for example, "Izospan D", it is sufficient to lay two layers of waterproofing: on a sand cushion under the base and on top of the foundation itself. Another way to perform a waterproofing: sheets of asbestos 4-6 cm high are laid on top of the top layer of the roofing material. Then the roofing iron and, last layer, the felt, soaked in a very liquid masonry composition. After drying felt, you can lay bricks.
If you want to fold the stove so that itserved as long as possible, without requiring repair, and even more so shifting, it is necessary to comply with certain requirements for the materials used and the technology of laying.
Furnace made of bricks for home, with your own handsbuilt, heated all over the body quite unevenly. Especially high temperatures in the furnace area, which is caused by the use of different material for masonry. Firstly, it will allow to save considerably on raw materials, since cheaper material can be used for some parts of the furnace. Secondly, the use of the clay-sand mixture throughout the body is unreasonable. Such a solution has the feature of strongly absorbing the moisture, which leads to the destruction of the masonry in places that do not undergo heating and drying.
When choosing a brick, pay attention to itquality, which can be determined even visually. A good, high-quality brick is characterized by a pinkish tint and a clear ringing sound. It is not necessary to choose for laying the furnace for a house made of bricks (photo below), the orange-red material is unrefined raw materials, but the purple tint indicates a burned brick.
The first rows of the podopochnoy part are laid from the usual red brick with a solution based on cement.
The furnace and part of the convector in places of maximum heating is made from a mixed masonry of ordinary kiln and fireclay bricks. In this case, a clay-sandy solution is used.
Part of the furnace, which is also heated, but not more than 200 degrees, is carried out though with the use of ceramic bricks, but already on a cement mixture.
In the upper part of the chimney, where the heating temperature does not exceed 80 degrees, the usual red brick is again used.
There are several basic types of furnaces:
Execution of the furnace for a house made of bricks, drawings forwhich is given below, the simplest, due to a minimum of structural elements in its manufacture. In addition, this furnace assumes the lowest fuel consumption.
One of the main advantages is the possibility offit it into almost any room. At the same time, a similar brick made of bricks for the home warms up rather quickly, in just 1.5-2 hours, however, it cools down rather quickly in comparison with other types of furnaces.
Among the shortcomings, we can note a rather lowcoefficient of efficiency is less than 40%. In addition, to build a water heater in it, you will have to thoroughly break your head. The problem is that the flow of hot air that moves in the furnace can not be disturbed by the inclusion of additional elements. This leads, first, to a large reduction in efficiency, and secondly, to the appearance of a large amount of soot.
"Cooktop" does not mean at all that this oven is notis able to heat the housing, with a room up to 50 square meters. m she can quite handle. However, its main function is still cooking, so the main heat goes exactly to heating a thick cast-iron plate with two burners. Cast iron is used to increase heat transfer.
The main advantage of such a furnace is the possibilitycooking food in the area, where there are frequent interruptions to electricity, in addition, on a living fire, any food is much more delicious. It is advantageous to install a similar furnace of brick for the house, on wood, and for cooking livestock and poultry, steaming cereals and drying dried fruit. In addition, the design of the furnace involves its use in the summer, when excessive heat in the house is not done.
The lack of a cooking stove - it is unrealisticuse for high-grade heating in the winter. Even if you increase the overall dimensions of the device, this will not enhance its effectiveness. Therefore, as an alternative, a common option is used, which combines the advantages of both types, while successfully compensating for their shortcomings.
The most preferred option for permanenthousing are furnaces for the house of brick heating and cooking, combining all the functions of these devices. In addition, such furnaces can be easily located in the room to get the most efficient warming of the dwelling, and a standard set of basic characteristics can be supplemented with an oven, a niche for drying, a deckchair and a water tank. It all depends on the design of the heating and cooking oven that you select.
For heating in such furnaces,channel or hood construction, each of which has its advantages. A duct oven made of bricks for the home, on wood, warms the room faster, while the hood - allows maintaining the optimum temperature for a long time. Therefore, for a residential house it is better to use a variant that combines these two structures.
The most common is a Russian stove,which can be used in two different modes. In summer, it is used exclusively for the cooking process, due to the fact that the heating channels are closed by an additional flap and hot gas goes directly to the chimney. In winter, the damper is opened, which provides warming of the room. In the Russian oven, as a rule, an oven is built in, which is an original additional heat accumulator.
Often, a heated lounger is added to the house oven made of bricks by the use of hoods, which are carried out without loss of efficiency of the whole device.
The disadvantage of the Russian oven is basically its rather impressive dimensions due to the removal of the cooking surface separately from the body.
Another version of cooking and heating stoves. This is a more compact device in which the hob hides in the recess. In addition, in addition to the stove, there is a special niche for drying various herbs, berries and other products.
How else called such a furnace for a house made of bricks - "Swede". Such a device has a lot of advantages incompared with other stoves. Due to its design, the device has the highest coefficient of efficiency - more than 60%, since the heating channels go to the whole oven from the brick for the house. Comments using a similar oven note that with small dimensions such a structure is able to heat up to 70 sq.m of living space.
It can also be used in different modeswork, while virtually eliminating the possibility of smoke due to the design features of the chimney. In addition, a similar furnace can be combined with a fireplace, when both devices will use a single chimney. If you place this design on the border of the living room and kitchen, then in the working room you will get a real oven with all the necessary attributes, and in the living room a cozy fireplace.
The advantages of a fireplace furnace are not even worth, perhaps,and describe. Of course, you can not cook borscht or cutlets on it, but one kind of open living fire can transform the whole look of even the most ordinary housing. In addition, it perfectly copes with the function of heating the room, and the fireplace will quickly warm up from the frost.
With such a construction, two furnaces are open andclosed, which allows you to heat the room in two modes. Use the fireplace only from time to time, and in most cases to operate a conventional closed firebox.
Such furnaces for a house made of bricks with the rightconstructive solution can occupy very little space and have a small weight, so in most cases it is not necessary for them to perform a separate foundation. In addition, fireplaces are able to use not only wood and coal as fuel, but also various briquettes, which increases their economy.
</ p>
