Maintain a normal level of functioningeconomy directly depends on the development of the market infrastructure - a set of institutions of the economy, which are responsible for the continuity of its mechanism. Their purpose is to distribute and transfer financial and commodity flows. Exchange transactions are performed in some organizational forms, for example, shops, bazaars and fairs, and the movement of money contributes to the emergence of specialized institutions, such as banks.
Exchange is the most developed formmarket infrastructure. With its help, regular wholesale of one type of goods, as well as foreign currency and securities, is made. This contributed to its division into different types:
1. Currency Exchange - is the place of execution of transactions for the purchase and sale of currencies. Each of them has a certain individual work schedule, which affects the actions of traders who have to take this into account, but they do not always have the opportunity to respond to changes in monetary situations on time. The foreign exchange market is a place for trade, which does not have time and territorial boundaries. On it you can perform operations around the clock, excluding weekends and holidays. Currency trading can become both a main activity and an underworking.
2. A stock exchange is an organization whose activity is to provide the required conditions for the production of normal securities turnover, dissemination of information about them and determining their value in the market. It is designed to create an organizational structure, perform transactions with its values, for a clear conclusion mechanism and a system for controlling transactions with a high level of reliability.
3. A commodity exchange is a sphere created as an intermediary, which renders its services in the process of concluding transactions for purchase and sale. In addition, it is responsible for regulating operations and supporting situations. The Commodity Exchange regularly collects and publishes information on the cost and factors of production that affect pricing.
4. The labor exchange is an institution that provides intermediary services in the process of employment (to both employers and mercenaries). It helps to quickly find a good place to work in the specialty or fill vacancies. The labor exchange has a huge base of hired personnel and free places for employment. She studies the labor market and on a free basis provides advice on the professional interest of employers.
In connection with the growth of the financial crisis, there were previously unclaimed institutions:
- barter exchange - this is the sphere of exchange of goods for goods without the use of money;
- depository exchange, where it is possible to exchange a deposit in a troubled bank with the funds of another participant.
The structure of the market continues to improve and develop, so very soon we will be able to get acquainted with new types of exchanges.
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