During the reign of Daniil Alexandrovich, the role of"Unifier" of the Russian lands was assumed by Moscow. It is from this time that the creation of a centralized state with a single capital begins. The rise of the Moscow principality and its center - Moscow - is not accidental. This was facilitated by a successful geographical position, the policy pursued by the Moscow rulers, the development of new trade routes passing through Russian lands. The founder of the dynasty of the princes of Moscow is considered to be the son of Alexander Nevsky - Daniel, who took over the rule of the principality in 1263 and actively engaged in the expansion of their lands. So, in 1301 Kolomna joins the Moscow Principality, and in 1303 - Mozhaisk. During several years of Daniel's reign, his principality increased significantly and became one of the largest and most powerful in the north-east of Russia.
Great influence on the education of the MoscowThe state was rendered by the reign of Ivan Daniilovich, who basically continued his father's work to expand the territory of his lands and annexed Belozersk, Uglich and Galich princedoms to Moscow. Ivan Daniilovich, nicknamed Kalita, entered the history of Russia as a cruel, intelligent and consistent ruler in decision-making, who paid much attention to relations with the Golden Horde. During the reign of Ivan Kalita, Moscow became the center of the permanent residence of the prince in it, which further strengthened the prestige of the Moscow princes before the rulers of the remaining Russian lands.
The further formation of a centralized Moscow state occurs under the leadership of the sons of Kalita - Ivan the Red and Simeon the Proud, who joined Starodub, Dmitrov, Kostroma and Kaluga.
The process of forming a single state is notcould not be influenced by the feudal strife that broke out in Rus in the middle of the 14th century between the great-grandchildren of Ivan Kalita, who ruled in principalities close to Moscow. The main reason for the brothers' enmity among themselves was the question of changing the order of succession to the succession. Another sense of feudal wars of the 14th century lies in the struggle of opponents and supporters of the creation of a single state in the territory of Rus with its capital in Moscow. As a result, those who advocated the centralization of the Russian lands, won an unquestionable victory.
The formation of the Moscow State wascompleted during the reign of Ivan the Third and his son - Basil III. Boyars and princes of the remaining Russian principalities eagerly transferred to the service in Moscow. Those who still refused to recognize the power of the Moscow princes, abandoned their lands and fled to neighboring countries (in particular, to Lithuania). The last, the largest land, which retained its powers of a separate principality, was Veliky Novgorod, whose boyars by that time had managed to conclude an agreement on vassalage with Lithuania. Learning of this, Ivan the Third in 1471 organized a campaign on the city. The decisive battle took place near the Shelon River, Novgorod troops were completely defeated by Muscovites. Seven years later, Novgorod became part of the Moscow Principality.
The formation of the Moscow State waswas completed with the accession to it in 1485 of Tver. Who ruled in it at this time, Ivan the Third received the title of sovereign of all Russia. The end of the 14th century entered the history of our country as the period of the end of its feudal disunity.
The formation of the Moscow State is associated withsuch a great event as the liberation of Rus from the almost 240-year-old Tatar-Mongol yoke. Ivan the Third, the first of the rulers of the country over the past centuries, stopped paying Tatars tribute. In 1480 Khan Akhmat tried to restore domination over the country, which was not crowned with success. After the liberation of Russia from the hated yoke, the position of the Moscow principality increased unheard of, the remaining remaining lands were annexed to it: Smolensk, Pskov and Ryazan. At the end of the 15th century, a new power appeared on the map, increasingly called Russia.
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