Additional education for children is a systemtraining and creative development, which goes beyond the state standard. It is carried out on the basis of specialized organizations. Institutions of additional education for children implement programs in the zone of personal and creative interest of students, thus contributing to the formation of not only the foundations of professional development of the individual, but also the opportunity to reveal their talents and abilities as a socially oriented activity whose goal is to benefit the society.
Circle activity is a form of freecreativity in the sense that the child chooses it voluntarily. It strictly corresponds to the system of education presented by the program of the supplementary education circle, which determines the scope, content and forms of the educational service for children. The presence of the program is a prerequisite for organizing the work of the circle.
With all the diversity of forms and methods, there isAn unchanged foundation that meets the goal of additional education. It is reflected in the program, which carries out the activities of teachers in institutions. Circle of additional education in school must achieve the goal stated in it. The content has the following sections:
Any training system contains three mainaspect, for which it is created: the goal, the tasks, the methodology for achieving the result. The program of additional education carries a very important social purpose: it satisfies the person's request for personal development and, depending on the nature of the request, has a different orientation.
The interests of children, the ways they can understand the world and the sphereself-realization are very different. Therefore, the need for additional services is quite multifaceted. Because supplementary education responds to the needs of children and their parents, the development and learning objectives should be reflected in programs at different levels and areas of child development:
If there are additional requests and specificslocal socio-cultural environment can be provided and other forms of services that meet the needs of the population that meets the additional education of children.
Creative and additional education for children andteenagers on development programs is carried out in special creative associations. The circle of additional education provides an opportunity to organize children by interests. It is the opportunity to form a close creative environment based on a narrow subject area or on the hobby of any area of knowledge, makes circles an indispensable form of positive socialization of children.
The interest of children in a particular area of knowledge orcreative activity is the basis for the creation and implementation of the program of the circle. Developed and implemented by its teachers of additional education, which create the subject environment and implement the tasks set in the programs developed by them and approved by the administration of the institution.
In order for a circle in the pre-school or school to start working, it is important to provide an activity program, in the opening part of which its purpose is described.
For the organization of classes in the circles, the program should contain an indication of:
The purpose of the program determines the contentlearning. The introductory part of the program limits the scope, focus, level of providing additional educational services. It reveals the social orientation of learning. The importance of the educational component for the revival of ethnic, cultural and historical traditions for the local socio-cultural environment is indicated. It is also important to define educational goals that are being solved in the process of implementing the program.
Program - is a consistent set of activities to achieve the development goal.
Goal. Corresponds to the person's request forwhat he wants to receive. The purpose of the supplementary education program is to provide that level of knowledge and skills in the sphere of interest to satisfy its request.
Tasks. Any supplementary education program forms three groups of tasks:
Methodology. Answering the question on how to achieve the goal, and directly leads to the plan for its achievement in the hourly breakdown of topics and classes for the phased solution of problems.
Its importance lies in the fact that it guaranteesthe learner the volume and amount of knowledge that he asks for, or those that are offered in the circle to visit children. Training programs are one-and multi-level, they must necessarily take into account the psychophysiological age characteristics of the children on which they are designed. Therefore, the content is divided into blocks or training cycles, each stage of which should lead to the solution of a separate educational task and the formation of certain skills in the child who has mastered this knowledge block.
The program of the circle of additional educationincludes a list of skills, knowledge and skills that are formed in a child who has received a set of knowledge in the direction chosen by him. Voluntary attendance is the fundamental principle of children's development, which ensures their personally oriented development.
In accordance with the objectives inthe program of the circle should indicate the criteria on the basis of which it is possible to assess the degree of mastering the knowledge gained by the child and the ability to implement them in practice.
The criteria are:
1. The knowledge received by the child on the topics. They can be evaluated in the form of a competition for the manifestation of knowledge, participation in the Olympiad. Or in other forms of credit in an exciting form for students.
2. Acquired skills. This is the ability to apply knowledge in practice. For example, sew a soft toy, while demonstrating not only the knowledge of the technique of execution, the ability to sew, but also the practical result - the manufacture of hand-made articles.
Additional education of children in the circles issocially significant form of satisfying the cognitive needs of children and adolescents, because it provides personal freedom to choose the area of cognition, the sphere of self-realization. The form of the evaluation criteria for the skills obtained should also correspond to their interests (games, contests and competitions, which corresponds to the age characteristics of children who learn the world in game forms).
Additional education for children is alwaysas a system of knowledge and practice. Therefore, an important element is the thematic planning of classes, which forms part of the supplementary education program.
In accordance with the training cycle in itbreakdown into an hourly grid of lessons. The complex of classes, in the course of which knowledge is acquired and skills are developed, is determined by the number of hours of instruction.
Elaboration of the skill necessary to acquire,provided by the program, the number of hours leads to a certain quality of knowledge and the solution of the next educational task by the program. Thus, the cycle of education is completed, on which the additional education of children is built.
For example, if the child'sthe "Technique of working with a pencil" block can provide four hours of hands-on training to study and apply this method of drawing and should have the result - the ability of the child to draw correctly with a pencil.
For the creative and cognitive development of children,the acquisition of basic knowledge in a narrowly focused field, it is necessary to create a professional environment. The circle of additional education in the school serves the interests of the children studying. Often it performs the function of an extended day group, which is important for working parents, as the child is under the social patronage of teachers during the day.
The purpose of supplementary education programs in schools is as follows:
An important social function is supplementary education in the school. Mugs humanitarian and artistic cycles have great resources for revealing the talents of gifted students. They form the composition of subjects of in-depth study, which creates a steady professional interest of the learner. This in the future can be the basis for choosing a profession.
In the kindergartens, the programs of the additionaleducation are created taking into account age psychology. They have a structure that corresponds to the age abilities of children and with regard to gaming activity as the leading form of cognition for this age.
Thus, in the process of joint education, not only educational tasks are achieved. More large-scale problems are being solved: the harmonization of family relations and the formation of a culture of the upbringing of children.
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