Today, in the context of globalization, the nationalculture is the subject of close attention not only culturologists and historians, but also political scientists. The study of the origin of the ethnos, its interaction with other peoples, allows filling the gaps that still exist in the knowledge of the ancient strata of traditional culture.
Culture is a complex andmany-valued phenomenon. The concepts of traditional ethnic culture, which include traditions and other elements of spiritual life that emerged in the period of the birth of the people, and ethnic culture of the present, are also divided, which also includes the latest innovations adapted to the values of the ethnos. The latter concept is also known as "national culture".
Its definition is as follows: This is a collection of values, beliefs, beliefs and traditional symbols peculiar to people living in one country. Such a complex of spiritual characteristics can be formed only in conditions of a homogeneous ethnic and linguistic environment. Therefore, in the state there can be only one national culture. However, there are exceptions. Due to some features of historical development, several countries have formed several national cultures, so in such cases it is necessary to allocate the part that is shared by the majority of the population. The rest are defined as cultures of national minorities. Between them can be established relations of dialogue or intercultural conflicts.
However, only homogeneous ethnicit is not limited to generality. To fully develop the nation requires a higher level of differentiation of spiritual orientations than those peculiar to ethnic unity of people. In each social or demographic stratum (group), differences in the image of thoughts, life, behavior from national norms are embodied. These are subcultures (youth, religious denominations, criminal circles, etc.). Particularly different cultures on social and professional grounds. Hence it becomes obvious that the nation does not develop through the establishment of uniformity. In fact, it is a rather heterogeneous formation, which consists of different components. Each of them separately contains common signs of the culture that distinguish a certain people.
National culture is the sum of culturesethnic. But this sum is not mechanical, it has something on top of it: its own features that arose at a time when representatives of different ethnic groups realized that they belonged to one nation. This happened in the historical period of the country's development, when large social groups realized that they are connected with the land on which they live, have a common language, traditions and symbols.
National culture is able to unite people,who live in fairly large spaces; not related by blood relationship and relationship. The main condition for this unity is a special type of social communication, connected with the appearance of writing in this people and a common literary language. It is this condition that made it possible to unite the nation around the literate part of the population, who could perceive the ideas expressed in writing.
It is important that the national cultureis built on the basis of a written culture. In this aspect, it can be compared with the spiritual life of an ethnos, which can successfully exist in a non-written form. For example, in this form the cultures of the backward tribes of Africa exist up to the present days.
The national culture is studied mainly by philology, which deals with the monuments of writing. Ethnic is explored by anthropology and ethnography.
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