Geography is one of the most interesting andfascinating sciences. After all, it is directly connected with travel and adventure. But what is the meaning of the term "geography"? The meaning of the word is very interesting. And we will try to explain it in our article.
One of the most ancient sciences in the world isgeography. The meaning of the word will be considered a little later, and now we will get acquainted with the history of this discipline. It is known that the foundations of modern geography were laid even in the time of the ancient Greeks. Their investigations were generalized and systematized by the ancient Greek scholar Ptolemy in the first century of our era. It was in Greece that geography developed by leaps and bounds. In parallel, the study of the Earth was also of interest in ancient Egypt. Already in the 3rd millennium BC the first marine expeditions were carried out in the water areas of the Red and Mediterranean Seas. Individual elements of geographical descriptions can also be found in the ancient books of India - "Vedas" or "Mahabharata."
How in the following centuries has geography developed? The importance of this science especially increased in the 16th century, in the so-called era of the Great Geographical Discoveries. Columbus and Magellan, James Cook and Amerigo Vespucci brought from their voyages many new facts and facts about our planet that needed to be studied and systematized in detail. Geography in its modern academic form was laid in the first half of the XIX century by Alexander Humboldt and Karl Ritter. To date, mankind has already conquered the moon, plans to land on Mars in the very near future. However, there are still a lot of unexplored places on the Earth - "white spots", on which the human foot has not trod. Therefore, geographers in the 21st century will have something to occupy themselves on this planet.
When did the term "geography" come about? Who invented it and assigned it to this science? Let's try to explain the meaning of the word "geography". This term of the feminine gender comes from two ancient Greek words: "geo" (earth) and "grapho" (I write, I describe). That is, it can be translated into Russian as follows: "land description".
The term "geography" came up and introduced into science moreAncient Greek philosopher and scientist Eratosthenes. It happened around the 3rd century BC. How and when is the term "geography" used today? The meaning of the word in our day can be viewed in two aspects. It can be used:
According to the universal definition, geography -It is a science that studies the so-called geographic envelope of the Earth. The latter, in turn, includes four sections: litho-, atmo-, hydro- and biosphere. But that is not all. Sometimes they are added to the technosphere, that is, everything that is created by the hands of a person on the planet.
The main object of research in science can beto name the natural laws and patterns of distribution and interaction of various components of the geographical envelope (soils, rocks, vegetation, waters, etc.). Modern science is divided into three large blocks: physical, social and economic geography. The first studies nature, the second - the population and living conditions of people, the third - features and patterns of economic development of territories and countries.
As mentioned above, geography is a complex science. It includes many different disciplines. One of them is precisely historical geography. What is she studying?
Historical geography is a special section,who tries to explain various historical processes and events through the knowledge of geographical. In other words, this science studies history through space. And a special place in it is given precisely to geographical (territorial) factors.
One of the oldest sciences on Earth isnamely geography. The meaning of this term is very interesting. The word was invented in Ancient Greece. And you can translate it into Russian as a "land description". The term was introduced in the third century BC by the ancient Greek scientist Eratosthenes. By the way, it was he who first measured the parameters of our planet. And he did it accurately, not having at hand modern equipment and technology.
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