Modern scientists under the concept of "national economy" mean:
• A system consisting of many types of interrelated activities.
• A system of reproduction that was historically established within fixed boundaries.
• A complex of industries and various types of production that permeate all forms of labor in a single country.
The national economy has broad objectives:
• formation of stable economic growth;
• maintenance of prices at a fixed level;
• ensuring employment and eliminating unemployment;
• maintaining a balanced balance of foreign trade;
• Maintaining the most vulnerable social groups.
The structure of the national economy is stablerelationship between the parts of which it is composed. If we consider the concept, guided by the principles of economic theory, we can analyze the territorial, reproductive, sectoral and socio-economic approaches.
In the reproduction relation, the structure of the national economy is delineated into spheres or a system of similar branches:
• Production of material values. This group includes all industries that produce physical material goods.
• Science, education, etc. spheres that produce services, spiritual values, knowledge, information, etc. Products that produce the non-material sphere do not directly participate in material production, however, are its necessary component. In addition, they also have such characteristics as cost, consumer value, etc.
• Non-productive spheres that consumethe maximum share of the national income and the formative funds, which will then be transferred to other economic sectors. These include defense, jurisdiction, religious, public and other organizations, as well as households.
Reproductive structure of the nationaleconomy, except for the listed spheres, can be delimited according to the principle of dividing the social product by its value and material or material composition.
Socio-economic classification dividesnational economy on individual structures (sectors), defined by the existing socio-economic relations in them. These may be groups of people or enterprises, certain types of labor, forms of social production, etc.
The structure of the national economy usually includes the following sectors:
• State, representing a set of enterprises that are part of state property, managed by persons designated by the state.
• Municipal (local).
• Private.
• Mixed, allowing to make independent decisions, but leaving priority for the state.
• Collective.
Territorial division implies that the national economy and its structure can be divided into economic regions.
The structure of the national economy is veryan uneasy, multi-part mechanism. He is constantly becoming more complicated. The deeper the division of labor becomes, the more specialized the production becomes, the more noticeable the progress, the more complex this mechanism is.
It should be said that the structure of the nationalThe economy is built differently in different countries. It is due to the peculiarities of scientific development, technical progress, the development of a particular type of production. Usually these components develop at different rates.
However, we can assume that the structure of the national economy of each country should:
• Facilitate the establishment of the most efficient economy.
• Avoid a decline in production.
• Maintain a macroeconomic balance.
• Eliminate loss-making production or re-profile it into profit-making enterprises.
• Maintain market relations at a decent level.
• Maintain a balanced economy, observe general economic, inter-sectoral, territorial and external economic proportions.
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