Protectionism is a policy of protecting domestic entrepreneurs

Historically, the variousstates in different time periods have various forms of protection of national interests in the world market. It is the chosen position that determines the trade policy of the country and its importance in the international arena. The most famous are protectionism and free trade. If the first is an attempt to protect the national interests of entrepreneurs, the second assumes complete freedom of action in trade.

Protectionism is the policy of the government of the countryin respect of protecting the interests of domestic producers and restricting imports of imported products. In a strict form, this is expressed in the maximum stimulation of exports and the restriction or prohibition of imports of imports. The national industry is protected by imposing high duties on foreign goods. Such a policy was born on the basis of mercantilism.

On the one hand, for national producersprotectionism is very beneficial, it allows them to compete with importers and profitable to sell their products. But such a position of the state can lead to the emergence of monopoly, deterioration in the quality of goods. Moreover, sooner or later foreign trade will begin to decrease noticeably, and the state itself will be self-isolated. Therefore, often protectionism is replaced by free trade, that is free trade.

The policy of establishing equal conditions forimporters and domestic producers often gives positive results. The national economy is becoming more open, and the relationship on the international market is noticeably improving. Analyzing the policies of different countries, we can say that protectionism is not the only sure way to improve its economic situation. The well-being of the state is facilitated by the liberalization of foreign trade, it has a positive impact both on the world community and on each particular country.

Protectionism in Russia appeared in the XVII centurytogether with the opening of the first private manufactories. Then the king began to receive many complaints from merchants to foreign traders, because of which they could not sell their goods. Alexei Mikhailovich was the first to defend domestic producers, and behind him were the rest of the rulers. It was he who imposed a high duty on foreigners, indicated to them what to do and where to trade, and some products were banned.

Export was strictly restricted to Peter I, Elizabeth,Catherine II, Alexander I, Nicholas I, Alexander II, Alexander III. Protectionism is the main form of trade relations of that time. The rulers weakening the patronage of domestic producers were not respected, sooner or later they had to change their views and restrict imports. At the end of the nineteenth century, such a policy led to good consequences, the position of Russian industry became noticeably stronger. But the constant intervention of the king in the affairs of the capitalists caused their discontent with the authorities. Therefore it is not surprising that many wealthy entrepreneurs supported and even sponsored the opposition side in every possible way.

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