Recently, the study of human psychologybecame very popular. In the west, the consulting practice of specialists in this field has been around for a long time. In Russia, this is a relatively new direction. What is psychology? What are its main functions? What methods and programs do psychologists use to help people in difficult situations?
Psychology is a science whose goal is tostudying the mechanisms of the functioning of the human psyche. She considers the patterns of people's behavior in different situations, the thoughts, feelings and experiences that arise.
Psychology is what helps us deeperto know yourself, to understand your problems and their causes, to realize your shortcomings and strengths. Her study contributes to the development in a person of moral qualities and morality. Psychology is an important step on the path to self-improvement.
As an object of psychology should actsome carriers of the phenomena and processes studied by this science. This could be considered a person, but according to all norms, he is the subject of knowledge. That is why the object of psychology is considered to be the activity of people, their interaction with each other, behavior in different situations.
The subject of psychology has constantly changed with the coursetime in the process of development and improvement of its methods. Initially, he considered the soul of a man. Then the subject of psychology was the consciousness and behavior of people, as well as their unconscious beginning. At present, there are two views on what is the subject of this science. From the point of view of the first, these are the mental processes, states and properties of the personality. According to the second, its subject matter is the mechanisms of mental activity, psychological facts and laws.
One of the most important tasks of psychology isthe study of the characteristics of people's consciousness, the formation of general principles and laws, according to which the individual acts. This science reveals the hidden potentialities of the human psyche, the causes and factors that affect people's behavior. All of the above is a theoretical function of psychology.
However, like any science, psychology haspractical use. Its value lies in helping a person, developing recommendations and strategies for action in various situations. In all areas where people have to interact with each other, the role of psychology is invaluable. It allows a person to properly build relationships with others, avoid conflicts, learn to respect the interests of others and reckon with them.
The human psyche is a single whole. All the processes taking place in it are closely interrelated and can not exist alone without the other. That is why their division into groups is very conditional.
It is customary to highlight the following processes in psychologyhuman: cognitive, emotional and strong-willed. The first of these include memory, thinking, perception, attention and sensations. Their main feature is that it is thanks to them that the human brain reacts and responds to the influences from the outside world.
Emotional mental processes form the attitude of a person to various events, allow us to evaluate ourselves and others. These include feelings, emotions, people's moods.
Volitional mental processes are representeddirectly will and motivation, as well as proactivity. They allow a person to control their actions and actions, control behavior and emotions. In addition, the volitional processes of the psyche are responsible for the ability to achieve the goals set, to achieve the desired heights in various areas.
In modern practice, there are severalclassifications of types of psychology. The most common is the division of it into everyday and scientific. The first kind is based primarily on the personal experience of people. Everyday psychology has an intuitive character. Most often it is very specific and subjective. Scientific psychology is a science based on rational data obtained with the help of experiments or professional observations. All its provisions are thought out and accurate.
Depending on the scope of application,theoretical and practical types of psychology. The first of them is engaged in studying the laws and features of the human psyche. Practical psychology sets as its main task the provision of help and support to people, improving their condition and increasing the productivity of their activities.
To achieve the goals of science in psychologyVarious methods of studying consciousness and features of human behavior are used. In the first place, such is the experiment. It is a simulation of a situation that provokes a certain behavior of a person. At the same time, scientists fix the obtained data and reveal the dynamics and dependence of the results on various factors.
Very often in psychology a method of observation is used. With the help of it, various phenomena and processes occurring in the human psyche can be explained.
Recently, methodsquestioning and testing. At the same time, people are invited to answer certain questions for a limited amount of time. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, conclusions are drawn about the results of the study and certain programs on psychology are compiled.
To identify problems and their sources,a biographical method is used. It is based on the comparison and analysis of various events in the life of the individual, the key points of his development, the identification of crisis stages and the defining stages of development.
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