SNiP "Fire safety of buildings and structures"was adopted by a decree issued by the Ministry of the Russian Federation, dated thirteenth day of February one thousand nine hundred and ninety-seven. Currently, its new edition is in force, approved on the nineteenth day of July two thousand and two.
SNiP "Fire safety" is developed taking into accountrecommendations given by international organizations in the field of standardization and standardization. This document is one of the fundamental acts in the construction industry.
SNiP "Fire safety" leads requirementsprotection against fire, which must be observed. Deviations from these norms are possible only in cases when their description is stated with the reservation "as a rule", as well as with listing of conditions in the presence of which their applications are possible.
SNiP "Fire safety" from the first of Januaryone thousand nine hundred and ninety-eighth year set general requirements, which concern the protection of all construction projects. These standards apply to all stages of erection, as well as the operation of structures and buildings. Contains this legislative act and fire-technical breakdown of objects and their individual elements, as well as premises and their parts, materials and structures into separate categories.
There are a number of other normative acts,approved in the established legal order. They contain additions and changes, as well as clarification of the provisions established by the SNiP rules. These documents take into account the functional principles and specifics of protection against fires for certain categories of engineering equipment, individual rooms, and buildings in general.
Building objects should be planned taking into account the adoption of constructive, as well as space-planning solutions, which in the event of a fire should provide an opportunity:
- evacuation of people regardless oftheir physical capabilities and age on the territory adjacent to the building until the moment when the threat to their health and life becomes evident, the probability of which is due to the impact of negative factors caused by the emergency situation;
- to save people;
- providing access to the source of ignition, as well as supply of a means of extinguishing to a dangerous place;
- the implementation of various actions aimed at saving people and property, preventing the spread of fire to nearby buildings;
- the lowest possible level of indirect and direct material losses, including the object itself and its contents.
SNiP "Fire Safety" approves the norms of construction works, which must guarantee the provision of:
- priority implementation of activities,aimed at protection from fire (these works should be provided for by project documentation developed in accordance with applicable standards and approved in the order established by legislative acts);
- Compliance with fire safety standards, as well as protection from ignition of objects under construction, as well as auxiliary structures and buildings;
- the availability and operational status of the means intended to combat fire;
- the possibility of conducting a safe evacuation of the personnel of the construction site, as well as the protection of the material resources on it.
"Fire Safety" SNiP approves and operational standards. According to this normative document:
- to provide the necessary maintenance of the facility and support in working order of all fire protection means in strict accordance with technical and design documentation;
- Do not allow changes in structural forms, volume-planning, as well as engineering and technical solutions without the development of project documentation:
- in the course of repair work, do not use materials and structural elements that do not meet the requirements of applicable standards;
- to develop measures for fire protection of construction projects, taking into account the technical capabilities of the units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and their location.
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