Despite important world achievements inthe formulation of norms and standards for human rights, there are huge gaps in their implementation. One law and internal resources are not enough for the rights to become a reality, it is also necessary to ensure respect for the law and its application in life. It is for this that international protection of human rights is necessary. Yes, of course, states have their own laws and obligations to protect these rights, but do they always apply them? The mechanisms of this protection can be used to ensure that the state fulfills these duties.
After the world wars of the twentieth century - especially the Second- it became clear that human rights and freedoms are practically impossible to implement within the framework of national legislation - horrific crimes, genocide and mass killings were committed by various regimes in Europe and Asia on the basis of laws, only these laws were absolutely not in accordance with the rights and freedoms. Therefore, it was decided at the United Nations that it was extremely important to monitor at the international level how human rights were being respected at the national level. Thus, the international protection of human rights has become the priority of this new organization.
It can be said that the UnitedThere are many functions in the field of human rights. It has for this purpose special structures that can recommend, investigate, advise, help the states of the UN system how to maintain and respect human rights in various spheres, and even control how far the states follow their recommendations. The credentials of these UN structures are based on the international obligations of the UN member states. Based on this, international legal protection of human rights is carried out.
First of all, this function is performed by the GeneralThe UN Assembly, as well as the special Council for Economic and Social Affairs, which it manages. This Council (ECOSOC) makes reports that serve as the basis for including various acute and problematic issues concerning violence against human rights on the agenda of the General Assembly. Such questions can also be proposed by different UN states, and also by the Secretary General. The international protection of human rights through this system is weakened by the fact that the decisions of the General Assembly for governments are not mandatory, but recommendatory. However, they proceed from the principles of international law, which are legally binding.
One of the subsidiary bodies of ECOSOC, whichperforms a human rights function, can be called the Commission on Human Rights, created in the forties of the last century. Every year she sits for six weeks. Its special rapporteurs are preparing various studies on whether international treaties are violated, how civil rights and freedoms are respected, the rights of women and minorities are not discriminated against on the basis of color, nationality, faith or other characteristics. In addition to research, the Commission makes recommendations for improving the situation.
International mechanisms for the protection of human rights with1976 were reinforced by the appearance of a special UN Committee, which also works in the human rights field. There are experts from different countries who have a high reputation in the field of morality and who are specialists in relation to rights and freedoms, their implementation and protection. The Committee hears the reports of States on the situation in them regarding human rights and makes various comments to them, to which the state is obliged to respond. This Committee can also complain to specific people about the violation of their rights and freedoms. In reviewing complaints, the Committee decides and recommends that it is the particular state that should be changed in laws and in practice in order to avoid violations of rights.
International Protection of Human Rights in the UN Systemis carried out also through other bodies dealing with the rights of specific groups of people: women, children, and so on. The International Criminal Court since 2000 has been dealing with the most serious crimes against human rights committed by persons in power - such as war crimes, genocide or crimes against humanity and similar things. Since in recent years the UN system protecting human rights has been very criticized from various sides due to its cumbersome and inefficient, especially in crisis situations, such posts as the UN High Commissioners - in particular, for human rights, on refugee rights, which can act and in a war-time environment.
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