Appendicitis (appendicitis) is an inflammatoryprocess of a small vermiform appendage of the cecum called appendix. The word "appendix" in Latin means "appendage", and the ending "itis" indicates inflammation.
According to statistics, among all surgicalof diseases appendicitis according to the frequency of spreading takes about 89% of cases and is in the first place. More often it occurs in people of young able-bodied age from 18 to 35 years. The prevalence of this disease in women is 2 times higher than that of men.
Appendicitis can occur in acute and chronic form. The acute form is divided into the catarrhal course of the disease and destructive, which, in turn, can take several forms:
Chronic appendicitis are also divided into several forms. He can be:
All these forms of chronic appendicitis differsclerotic and atrophic processes occurring in the vermiform appendage. The proliferation of granulation tissue in the walls of the appendix and its lumen can occur, the formation of adhesions between the surrounding serous membranes. In the case of accumulation in the lumen of a vermiform appendage of serous fluid, a cyst develops.
Very often the patient draws pain in the abdomenattention not immediately, but after a few hours or even days. This is due to the fact that the first signs of appendicitis in adults develop gradually and are of an uncertain nature. There are difficulties with the definition of a specific area of pain localization. When taking pain medication, pain can completely subside and be felt only with sudden movements and deep inspiration or coughing.
If such symptoms (signs) of appendicitisadults showed up, then do not hope that everything will dissolve by itself. We need to call an ambulance. An experienced team of doctors will easily identify such a dangerous disease that requires immediate hospitalization, like appendicitis. The signs in adults, as already mentioned, can be blurred. To clarify the diagnosis before the arrival of doctors can conduct self-diagnosis.
This is done as follows: in the lower abdomen on the right, you need to press strongly with two fingers (middle and index), and the pain should not be felt. Then the fingers are removed, and the pain increases sharply. If such a test was positive, i.e. everything turns out as described, besides, nausea may occur, and in some cases, vomiting, then, most likely, these are the first signs of appendicitis in adults. Now let us describe them in more detail.
With the diagnosis of appendicitis, the signs in adults can be somewhat blurred, but they all boil down to the following:
When such signs appear, the patient cansuspected acute appendicitis. Sometimes these main symptoms of appendicitis in adults are accompanied by frequent urination, stool disorders (diarrhea), frequent pulse and in rare cases, increased pressure. Other uncharacteristic symptoms of this disease can be observed in the elderly, children and pregnant women, as well as at an atypical location of the appendix of the cecum. What signs of appendicitis in adults are observed most often, we considered. Now let's talk about the features of the development of this disease in women, and also consider what kind of danger it carries during pregnancy.
The representatives of the beautiful halfthe probability of an error in the diagnosis of this disease is higher than that of men. This is due to the fact that sensations in the development of this disease can be confused with pain during menstruation or painful reaction in the occurrence of an inflammatory process in the gynecological area of the pelvic organs. This error can occur when the appendix is atypical.
To clarify the final diagnosis in the treatmentthe woman must be examined by a gynecologist besides a surgeon. A distinctive symptom of inflammation of the appendix from the pathology of the gynecological is the fact that in the latter case, vomiting, nausea and upset of the stool are not characteristic.
The signs of appendicitis in adult women are the same,as well as in men. The exception is pregnant women. According to statistics, the incidence of appendicitis during pregnancy is about 5%. A representative of the beautiful half of humanity, who is preparing to become a mother, can have an atypical form with this disease (in case of the displacement of the appendix).
Diagnosis of appendicitis during pregnancyusually does not cause difficulties. Symptoms are the same as in other adults. Difficulties can occur in the last trimester of pregnancy, if the nature of the pain is cramping. Patients, as a rule, take the forced position of the body lying on the back with the legs bent in the knees and tightened to the abdomen. The pain is most often localized on the right side of the iliac region, but in late pregnancy it can appear higher. Also in recent months of pregnancy, appendicitis surgical treatment and postoperative rehabilitation period are of concern. Therefore, it is extremely important to correctly diagnose.
This ailment arises due to the fact that during the periodthe increased uterus can affect the cecum and change its position. Also, the appendix may be impaired by an enlarged uterus, as a result of which blood supply is impaired. This sometimes leads to an inflammatory and even gangrenous process. The cause of appendicitis in pregnant women is also a change in the hormonal background. During the gestation of a child, women often have stool disorders, namely constipation, which can also provoke this pathology.
Obviously, any surgical intervention,especially when it is carried out in the abdominal cavity of a pregnant woman, can cause miscarriage or premature birth. But besides this, it is dangerous with the following states:
Thus, we examined all possible symptoms of appendicitis and signs of disease in adults. Now we pay attention to the peculiarities of the development of this disease in children.
Symptoms in children of senior school ageare similar to the signs of this disease in adults. It can only be added that such patients often occupy the forced position of the body, in which the intensity of pain is reduced. They lie on your back or right side. In addition, the temperature rises to 38 degrees and even higher. Pulse does not correspond to parameters of increase in body temperature and is much more frequent.
When examining the oral cavity, weta language with a white coating. A bad sign is a dry tongue. This may indicate the development of gangrenous disease and peritonitis. At children of this age at the given disease the delay of a chair can be observed.
In children, the signs of the ailment in question can be suspected in the following cases:
What signs of appendicitis in adults and children exist, we now know. Consider the possible dangerous consequences of this ailment.
In some cases, the course of the disease is complicated by the following processes:
If there are signs of inflammation of appendicitisin adults or children, it is shown as soon as possible to make appendectomy, i.e. Removal of the appendix in order to avoid serious complications of this disease. This operation is carried out in an emergency order - no later than an hour after the exact diagnosis was made.
At the stage of pre-hospital care is recommendedbed rest. Categorically forbidden to eat any food and drink. Do not take painkillers, laxatives and other medicines until the final diagnosis is clarified, apply cold or heat.
Once an accurate diagnosis is established"Appendicitis" (signs in adults and children are described above), the patient is placed in the surgical department and appendectomy is performed. This operation with uncomplicated flow is done by laparoscopic method.
After that the patient is transferred for several hoursin the intensive care unit, where he is under the constant supervision of medical personnel. After the patient completely leaves anesthesia, he is transferred to the surgical department. On the 5th day, sutures are usually removed and the patient is transferred to outpatient treatment.
In case of a complicated course of the disease, the patient remains in the clinic, and his discharge will be postponed until the unwanted consequences are eliminated and the general condition is stabilized.
With an uncomplicated course of the disease and a timely and correctly performed operation, the appendicitis of a life threat does not represent. Full capacity of the patient is restored after 4 weeks.
The reasons for the development of complications with appendicitis are, as a rule, untimely hospitalization and belated operation. In especially severe cases, this can even lead to death.
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